Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH), commonly known as an Enlarged Prostate, is a condition where the prostate gland increases in size, often affecting men after the age of 40. The exact cause of BPH is not well understood, but it is believed to be linked to hormonal changes that occur with aging, particularly the balance of Testosterone and Estrogen. Genetic factors and a family history of prostate issues may also contribute to the development of BPH. Symptoms of BPH can vary in severity and may include frequent urination, especially at night (Nocturia), difficulty starting and stopping urination, weak urine stream, and the sensation of incomplete bladder emptying. In some cases, it can lead to Urinary Tract Infections or Bladder Stones due to the inability to fully empty the bladder.

Prostate cancer is one of the most common types of cancer in men, developing in the prostate gland, which is responsible for producing seminal fluid. Prostate cancer often grows slowly and may not show symptoms in the early stages. However, it can become aggressive and spread to other parts of the body. Treatment options vary depending on the stage of the cancer, the patient's health, and other factors.

Kidney cancer, a type of cancer that begins in the cells of the kidneys, can develop due to various factors. The primary causes include smoking, obesity, high blood pressure, and exposure to certain chemicals. Additionally, genetic predisposition and a family history of kidney cancer can increase the risk. Other contributing factors may include long-term dialysis treatment. Understanding these risk factors is crucial for early detection and prevention.